Federal Governance (en español)

The Funeral Rule is a law enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).  It was passed in 1984 in response to individuals and organizations concerned about the unethical practices occurring in the funeral industry and the rising costs of funerals.  The Funeral Rule is designed to protect consumers by requiring funeral directors to meet certain obligations to consumers, and consumers are entitled to certain rights.  

Under the Funeral Rule, consumers are allowed to pick and choose the services they want. Consumers must be given a general price list that includes language required by the Funeral Rule and the consumer must be allowed to keep the price list.  Under the Funeral Rule you may also call and request specific price information.  

The American funeral industry was able to weaken some of the clauses in the Funeral Rule and there are definite improvements to be made to the legislation.  The Funeral Consumers Alliance is currently in the process of drafting proposed changes on behalf of consumers.


State Governance

The Cemetery and Funeral Bureau, under the Department of Consumer Affairs, is responsible for the oversight and licensing of funeral establishments, funeral directors, embalmers, crematories, and cemeteries.  

The Cemetery and Funeral Bureau has an excellent website containing helpful information for consumers, including a consumers guide, a link to file complaints electronically, and license verification search.  


Your Funeral Consumer Rights in California

The legal authority for Californians to care for their own dead is located in the California statutes, Chapter 3, section 7100 (note there is nothing in these statutes that require you to use a funeral director):

(a) The right to control the disposition of the remains of a deceased person, the location and conditions of interment, and arrangements for funeral goods and services to be provided, unless other directions have been given by the decedent pursuant to Section 7100.1, vests in, and the duty of disposition and the liability for the reasonable cost of disposition of the remains devolves upon, the following in the order named:

(1) An agent under a power of attorney for health care who has the right and duty of disposition under Division 4.7 (commencing with Section 4600) of the Probate Code, except that the agent is liable for the costs of disposition only in either of the following cases:

   (A)  Where the agent makes a specific agreement to pay the costs of disposition.
   (B)  Where, in the absence of a specific agreement, the agent makes decisions

          concerning disposition that incur costs, in which case the agent is liable only for

          the reasonable costs incurred as a result of the agent's decisions, to the extent

          that the decedent's estate or other appropriate fund is sufficient. 

(2) The competent surviving spouse.

(3) The sole surviving competent adult child of the decedent, or if there is more than

     one competent adult child of the decedent, the majority of the surviving competent

     adult children.  However, less than the majority of the surviving competent adult

     children shall be vested with the right and duties of this section if they have used

     reasonable efforts to notify all other surviving competent adult children of their

     instructions and are not aware of any opposition to those instructions by the majority

     of all surviving competent adult children. 

(4) The surviving competent parent or parents of the decedent.  If one of the surviving 
     competent parents is absent, the remaining competent parent shall be vested with the

     rights and duties of this section after reasonable efforts have been unsuccessful in

     locating the absent surviving parent.  

(5) The sole surviving competent adult sibling of the decedent, or if there is more than one
     surviving competent adult sibling of the decedent, the majority of the surviving competent
     adult siblings.  However, less than the majority of the surviving competent adult siblings 
     shall be vested with the rights and duties of this section if they have used reasonable

     efforts to notify all other surviving competent adult siblings of their instructions and are not

     aware of any opposition to those instructions by the majority of all surviving competent

     adult siblings. 

(6) The surviving competent adult person or persons respectively in the next degrees of 
     kinship, or if there is more than one surviving competent adult person of the same degree
     of kinship, the majority of those persons.  Less than the majority of surviving competent
     adult persons of the same degree of kinship shall be vested with the rights and duties of
     this section if those persons have used reasonable efforts to notify all other surviving 
     competent adult persons of the same degree of kinship of their instructions and are not
     aware of any opposition to those instructions by the majority of all surviving competent
     adult persons of the same degree of kinship.  

Burial Laws

Burial must occur in an established cemetery, so if you are thinking about burying on your personal property you will need to check with the county registrar for local zoning laws. Interestingly, there is a California statute that states that six or more bodies buried in one place - not the cremated remains of six - constitutes a "cemetery."  We will leave that one to your imagination.

Local municipalities are given jurisdiction over cemetery matters, and it will be up to local officials to approve home burial in rural areas.  See statute 8115 for more information. 

Disposition of Cremated Remains

In California, you may choose any of the following methods of disposition of cremated remains:

• Placement in a columbarium or mausoleum - There may be additional charges for endowment care, opening or closing, recording, flower vase, and nameplate.

• Burial in a plot in a cemetery - There may be additional charges for endowment care, opening or closing, recording, outer burial container, flower vase, and marker.

• Retention at a residence - The funeral establishment or crematory will have you sign a Permit for Disposition showing that the remains were released to you and will file it with the local registrar of births and deaths. You may not remove the cremated remains from the container and you must arrange for their disposition upon your death.

• Storing in a house of worship or religious shrine if local zoning laws allow.

• Scattering in areas of the State where no local prohibition exists and with written permission of the property owner or governing agency. The cremated remains must be removed from the container and scattered in a manner so they are not distinguishable to the public.

• Scattering in a cemetery scattering garden.

• Scattering at sea, at least 500 yards from shore. (This also includes inland navigable waters, except for lakes and streams.) Cremated remains may not be transported without a permit from the county health department and they may not be disposed of in refuse.

Additional Resources:

• Funeral Ethics Organization Pamphlet on California State Funeral Law

• FTC's Consumer Guide

• Complying with the Funeral Rule (an instructive guide for funeral establishments on how to comply with the Funeral Rule).